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Fungus Gnat Larvae

Fungus gnat females lay small, yellowish-white eggs on the surface of moist soil. The larvae that hatch are legless, with white or transparent bodies and shiny, black heads. Fully-grown, larvae measure approximately 1/4-inch in length. They live within soil and eventually develop into pupae. Pupae are initially white, although they darken as they mature. 

 Some fungus gnat larvae are known for their propensity to feed on the roots and lower stem tissues of plants. These feeding habits stunt and kill affected plants. Fungus gnats are considered major pests and can cause severe damage to both houseplants and commercial crops. Young plants are highly susceptible to fungus gnat damage. Fungus gnat adults and larvae also are capable of spreading various plant pathogens, which may cause root and crown rot. 

Fungus gnat larvae often go unnoticed, as they remain near the roots of affected plants. Adult fungus gnats appear similar to small flies and many times are not identified as being destructive. Symptoms of fungus gnat larvae infestation include bright yellow leaves, slow growth and the presence of small flies, no larger than flecks of pepper, hovering below plants.

Fungus Gnats

Fungus Gnat Biology

Gnats in the Soil