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Fungus Gnats

Fungus gnats belong to the family Sciaridae and typically are found in and around areas with high humidity. Female fungus gnats deposit their eggs in soil or other damp, decaying organic plant material. These eggs hatch into larvae. The larvae of some species feed on fungus in over-watered soil, but there are other species that consume plant roots as a source of nutrients.  This leads to diminished health in affected plants. When infested with fungus gnat larvae, plants show signs of stunted development. Gnat larvae also carry plant pathogens and make plants highly susceptible to various plant diseases. 

Unlike other flying insects, fully mature fungus gnats often remain low to the ground, close to plants and soil. Adults are seen on leaf litter and foliage, while larvae remain in the soil until they pupate. The larvae of fungus gnats are legless and have transparent bodies with black head capsules. Pupae are difficult to see without the use of a magnifying glass. They are stout and dark in color.

In commercial growing operations, biological insecticides and control methods are used. Among these methods are ground beetles and centipedes, as well as mites. It is not recommended that commercial insecticides be used to control fungus gnats in the home. Rather, it is important to constantly monitor your houseplants for winged adults. Do not over-water plants. Contact your local pest control professional if an infestation persists. 

Fungus Gnat Biology

Fungus Gnat Larvae

Gnats in the Soil